Powering Down: The Hidden Energy Crisis in Athens Homes

Energy insecurity is becoming a serious issue for many families in Athens, Georgia. It affects how people live day to day, how they spend their money, and even their health. While most people depend on energy (like electricity and heating), not everyone can afford it. In Athens, this challenge is growing faster than in many other places.

Energy insecurity occurs when a household cannot afford enough energy to meet its basic needs. This is often measured by something called “energy burden.” Energy burden is the percentage of a household’s income that goes toward energy bills. If a family spends more than 6% of its income on energy, it is considered energy burdened. In Athens, the average household spends about 7% of its income on energy, which is already above that threshold.

The problem is even clearer when you look at how many people are struggling. In a recent survey from late 2024 to early 2025, 57% of Athens households said they had trouble paying their utility bills. That is much higher than the state average of 33.5% and the national average of 27.2%. This means more than half of families in Athens are dealing with energy insecurity in some form.

One major reason for this problem is the rising cost of electricity. In just one year, electricity rates in Athens increased by 7.7%. Over two years, some power companies raised their rates by as much as 13%. Of the four energy providers in Athens-Clarke County, only Rayle EMC has decreased its energy rates since winter 2024. As prices increase, families have to spend more of their income just to keep the lights on and their homes comfortable.

When families face high energy costs, they are often forced to make difficult choices. They may have to decide between paying their energy bill and buying groceries, paying for medicine, or covering rent. Some families may turn down their heat in the winter or limit air conditioning in the summer to save money. This can result in unsafe or uncomfortable conditions, especially during extreme weather.

Energy insecurity does not just affect finances—it also affects health. People living in homes that are too hot or too cold are more likely to experience health problems. These can include breathing issues, poor sleep, and higher stress levels. Mental health can also suffer, as constant worry about bills creates anxiety.

Children are especially vulnerable. When families struggle with both energy insecurity and food insecurity, children are more likely to face negative side effects. These can include poor physical health, developmental delays, and behavioral issues. Studies show that children in these situations are also more likely to show signs of depression. This means energy insecurity can have long-term effects that go beyond just paying bills.

Another issue is the decline in renewable energy use in the area. Over the past year, the use of renewable fuels for electricity generation has dropped by more than 34%. Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, are often cheaper and more reliable over time than fossil fuels. When communities invest less in renewable energy, they miss out on opportunities to reduce costs and improve energy stability.

However, local efforts aim to address this issue. Athens has committed to the 100% Athens Renewable Energy Initiative, which aims to transition to 100% renewable electricity by 2035. This plan could help reduce long-term energy costs and improve energy access if fully implemented.

In the meantime, policymakers can take additional steps to reduce energy insecurity. At the local level, Athens-Clarke County can expand energy efficiency programs. Supporting weatherization efforts, such as adding insulation and sealing air leaks, can reduce energy use and lower bills. These upgrades are especially important in older homes, which often lose energy more easily. Programs like the Athens Energy Opportunity Program already provide education and support in this area.

At the state level, Georgia can adopt policies to protect low-income households. For example, lawmakers could require utility companies to offer income-based billing programs. These programs adjust rates based on a household’s income, which helps ensure that basic energy needs remain affordable.

In addition, the state can improve data collection and transparency. Requiring utilities to report data on energy burden, service disconnections, and payment issues would help identify where needs are greatest. Policymakers could then target resources more effectively and track progress over time.

Finally, public education remains essential. Many residents are unaware of programs that can help reduce energy costs. Expanding outreach through schools, community groups, and local organizations can increase awareness. As more residents access available resources, more households can achieve energy stability.

Overall, energy insecurity in Athens reflects a broader challenge facing many communities. Rising costs, high energy burdens, and limited access to affordable energy all contribute to the issue. Still, data-driven policies and local initiatives offer a path forward. By focusing on affordability, efficiency, and access, Athens and the state of Georgia can work to ensure that all residents have reliable and affordable energy.